Relationship Between Sex And Gender Essay - 1660 Words

The distinction of gender from came from the move away from biological determinism and conservative antifeminist politics. The meaning of gender will continue to develop and will continue becoming more fluid with time. Introduction The sex and gender distinction is an idea that has been rethought as recently as the 1970’s, with input from academics such as Ann Oakley and John Money. In this essay I will be discussing how biological determinism assisted in the development of the term gender, and the distinction there is between sex and gender. I will highlight the new definitions of sex and gender, while drawing upon works from sociologists and academics including Judith Butler, Simone de Beauvoir and Erving Goffman. I will be discussing the transition the sex/gender distinction has gone through, what this means for gender continuing to develop and how this will affect the social world we live in today. Defining Sex and Gender Sex and gender have not always had a distinction between the two definitions, both typically have meant in the past your sex and that was always believed to determine your gender and there was nothing really outside that binary. This is because of biological determinism, which will be covered latter in the essay. But in more recent times, there has been a more significant distinction placed between the two words sex and gender and their meanings. When defining sex it is typically defined as the biological state of ones body including genitalia,Show MoreRelatedRelationship Between Sex And Gender2402 Words   |  10 PagesSex and gender throughout history have been used interchangeably. A man was simply a male, a woman was simply a female. It was a simplistic system that simply ignored anyone that fell outside the traditional gender binary. In this essay, I will discuss the relationship between sex and gender by exploring the psychosexual development theories of Sigmund Freud that see ks to explain how women and men develop gender roles. To Freud, a man is born a male and develops his masculinities from a struggleRead MoreRelationship Between Sex and Gender Essay2321 Words   |  10 Pageswomen’s roles have changed so much that there is no longer any difference.† The relationship that exists between gender and sex has been the root cause of global gender movements and issues that exists in the contemporary world. The representation of masculinity and femininity is humanly constructed and sets the stage for social expectation. Social institutions are designed to cater for the desired gender role that is based on the foundations of traditional social norms. Norms changeRead MoreRelationship Between Biological Sex And Gender Communication917 Words   |  4 PagesI believe to understand the relationship between biological sex and gender communication we must first understand what each of these are. Biological sex is a designation based on biology, whereas gender is socially and psychologically constructed according to Gendered lives chapter 1. Sex and Gender are paired so that most men are masculine and most women are feminine. A person is designated male or female based on external and internal sex organs. The physical forms such as ovaries, penis, clitorisRead MoreRelationship Between Food, Sex And Gender Related? Essay2081 Words   |  9 Pagesdrink), sex and gender related? Introduction: According to McAllister (2006) food and drink â€Å"must be viewed as part of a broader social and cultural context† (p. 281) in order to understand the anthropological and sociological meanings of food and drink within society. This essay will apply an anthropological and sociological lens to explore the relationship between food, sex and gender. It utilises examples from anthropological and sociological literature to further explain the relationship betweenRead MoreEssay about Women and Men Are Made, Not Born987 Words   |  4 Pagesof complex social processes. Beauvoir’s statement suggests that gender roles and behaviour are not inherent and that social positioning should not be determined by sex. This essay will begin by drawing a distinction between sex and gender, and will then discuss two arguments that explore the origins of gender difference; social construction theory as implied by Beauvoir’s statement, and the biological determinist position. Gender refers to the socially constructed categories of ‘masculine’ andRead MoreGender, Sexual, And Gender862 Words   |  4 Pagesthe terms ‘gender’ and ‘sex’. However, each of these terms are used interchangeably and therefore incorrectly. We are born, assigned a sex, and sent out into the world. For many people, this is cause for little, if any conflict. However biological sex and gender are contrasting; gender is not inherently nor solely connected to an individual’s physical anatomy. Even so, one’s biological gender or ‘sex’ is determined at birth through physical attributes, including external genitalia, sex chromosomesRead MoreThe Debate Over Single Sex Schools958 Words   |  4 PagesThe debate over single-sex schools Single-sex schools are becoming more common. According to some religion reasons, several countries such as Saudi Arabia only have single-sex schools. However, the effect and rationality of single-sex schools are an ongoing controversy, that being debated in a worldwide range. In this essay, the cases for and against single-sex education will be discussed. This essay will firstly present some positive impacts of single-sex schools, including an increase in students’Read MoreWhy are Mixed Schools a Better Option?672 Words   |  3 PagesSingle sex school is a major problem that we face in our modern world it has advantages and well as disadvantages. Why mixed schools is better than single one?. There are many reasons to prove that idea. This essay talks about why mixed schools is better than single one with evidences and supports. This essay supports the idea of why this is a negative impacts on the society. Some people saw that single one is better and they have their points o f view and their opinions. They also saw it improvesRead MoreWhy Gay Men And Gay Couples Should Be Legal944 Words   |  4 Pagescontroversies have been witnessed concerning the issues of gender and sexuality. For example, the US government has issued directives regarding the legality of same-sex relationships. Several states in America have legalized homosexuality while the others have remained adamant to accept such sexual orientations. Same-sex and transgender couples have been facing prejudice, discrimination, and hatred from the general public that supports heterosexual relationships. However, the legitimacy of any form of sexualityRead MoreMonotheistic religions, especially Judaism, Christianity, and Islam promote the belief in One God;1600 Words   |  7 Pagesand excellence that is revealed to us by God. These religions are taught based upon both scripture and reason. When reading traditional texts, the tools of reason and social sciences are required. However, dilemmas ar ise when there is inconsistency between reason and scripture. Some believe that is we side with reason, we betray God. Others believe that if we side with traditional scripture, we betray God’s self in creation. Throughout this course, we have gained knowledge on traditional and contemporary

The Ganges River Indias Ancient Culture And Civilization

The Ganges River, which is popularly known by its own Hindu name—Ganga, is the symbol of India’s ancient culture and civilization. This river is the most sacred river in Hinduism. People believe that taking a dip into the water of the Ganges will purify their souls from all committed sins in the past, so they can go to heaven. The Ganges River flows from the top of the southern side of the Himalayas in the state of Uttarakhand. In the article, â€Å"Ganges River,† the author Jay Yett says, â€Å"The Ganges River flows about 2,500 kilometers across the Gangetic Plain and through a coastal delta in Bangladesh to empty into the Bay of Bengal.† Not only does it provide water to India, but also to Bangladesh. The major cities that rely on the water of the Ganges are Varanasi, Kolkata, Haridwar, Allahabad, Patna, Kanpur, and Ghazipur. Today, this river is one of the most polluted rivers in the world. According to the article, Metal and Pesticide Pollution Scenar io in Ganga River System, Srikanta Samanta reports that there has been a huge increase in pollution compared to the 9,000 tons in 2009. Since then, she reveals that approximately 22,000 tons of pesticides have been pumped into the river basin (Samanta 355). Each year, thousands of bodies are cremated on the banks of the river, with many being disposed of directly into the river. Furthermore, unwanted babies (i.e, unwanted girl children), cattle, and other animal bodies are also dumped into the river. Observers can say that theShow MoreRelatedAncient Indi The Ancient Indian Civilization1369 Words   |  6 PagesKevin Maxim Mr. Ball 8th Grade Social Studies E Block 6 November 2015 Ancient India The ancient Indians were highly influenced by the Ganges river, in fact that was one of the reasons they stayed around so long. This river gave them fertile soil, and also played a big role in their religious practices. The ancient Indian civilization lasted from 3300 BC to 1500 BC. (Kokila) Ancient India had very broad social pyramid requirements and the classes were servants, farmers, warriors and king, and theRead MoreGeography Of The Indus River1660 Words   |  7 PagesBarrett, Emily Period 6 4/30/15 Geography The Indus River is located on the northwestern part of the sub-continent with other rivers draining into it. Another river called the Ganges River was east of the Indus River. The climate was tropical and contained seasonal winds called monsoons. Monsoons during the winter were dry and went from land to the sea, letting little rain fall on the land. During summer monsoons wet winds go from ocean to land bringing rain with it. The mountainRead MoreThe Holy River of India-River Ganges9512 Words   |  39 PagesThe Ganga, especially, is the river of India, beloved of her people, round which are intertwined her memories, her hopes and fears, her songs of triumph, her victories and her defeats. She has been a symbol of Indias age-long culture and civilization, ever changing, ever flowing, and yet ever the same Ganga. - Jawaharlal Nehru, First Prime Minister of India, born in Allahabad on the Ganges Ganges (Hindi Ganga), major river of the Indian subcontinent, formed in the southern ranges of the HimalayaRead MoreIndian History1899 Words   |  8 Pagesa continuous civilization since 2500 B.C., when the inhabitants of the Indus River valley developed an urban culture based on commerce and sustained by agricultural trade. This civilization declined around 1500 B.C., probably due to ecological changes. During the second millennium B.C., pastoral, Aryan-speaking tribes migrated from the northwest into the subcontinent. As they settled in the middle Ganges River valley, they adapted to antecedent cultures. The political map of ancient and medievalRead MoreThe Discovery of India5368 Words   |  22 Pagesscholars who have published elaborate studies in the field of Indian history have called the book as a classic. Jawaharlal Nehru in his work has narrated in this book India’s rich and complex past from the prehistoric times to the final years of colonial rule in India. Nehru begins his account from the beginning of the Indus Valley Civilization and outlines the country’s geography before introducing the native tribes. The highlights of the book are Nehru’s own readings of the Indian epics, rituals, andRead MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pages1 The Birth of Civilization Mohenjo-Daro Figure. Scholars believe this limestone statue from about 2500 B.C.E. depicts a king or a priest from Mohenjo-Daro in the Indus valley in present-day Pakistan. Does this figure seem to emphasize the features of a particular person or the attributes of a particular role? Hear the Audio for Chapter 1 at www.myhistorylab.com CRAIMC01_xxxii-031hr2.qxp 2/17/11 3:22 PM Page xxxii EARLY HUMANS AND THEIR CULTURE page 1 WHY IS â€Å"culture† considered a definingRead MoreOrigin of Hindu Religion2457 Words   |  10 Pagesand pilgrimages 4.2.1 Initiation 5 Sixteen sanskars (rituals) 6 Notes 7 References [edit]Etymology The word Hindu is the Persian name of the Indus River (Sanskrit Sindhu), which flows in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent.[3] The Persian term was further loaned into Arabic as Al-Hind referring to the land of the people who live across river Indus, and into Greek as Indos, whence ultimately English India.[4] By the 13th century, the Persian loanword HindustÄ n emerged as a popular alternativeRead MoreOrigin of Hindu Religion2468 Words   |  10 Pagespilgrimages 4.2.1 Initiation 5 Sixteen sanskars (rituals) 6 Notes 7 References [edit]Etymology The word Hindu is the Persian name of the Indus River (Sanskrit Sindhu), which flows in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent.[3] The Persian term was further loaned into Arabic as Al-Hind referring to the land of the people who live across river Indus, and into Greek as Indos, whence ultimately English India.[4] By the 13th century, the Persian loanword HindustÄ n emerged as a popular alternativeRead MoreIncredible India3330 Words   |  14 PagesINCREDIBLE INDIA [pic] TABLE OF CONTENTS ⠝â€" Introduction ⠝â€" Facts and figures ⠝â€" Population of India ⠝â€" History of India ⠝â€" Culture and people ⠝â€" Geography ⠝â€" Environment of India ⠝â€" Name of many cities of India ⠝â€" Language ⠝â€" National symbol of India ⠝â€" Festivals of India ⠝â€" Holidays of India ⠝â€" Religion demography ⠝â€" Tourist place of India ⠝â€" Famous people of India ⠝â€" Hindi movies ⠝â€" Music ⠝â€" Food of India ⠝â€" Conclusion IntroductionRead MoreEthnic Tourism Essence of India7906 Words   |  32 Pagesmankind and perpetuated aspirations to decipher a world beyond this world. India has dominated the world stage through most of human history, as the home of mighty empires, as a powerful trading nation, and as a wellspring of culture and civilization. India, the land of culture and heritage.. Tourism in India has shown a phenomenal growth from its distant past. Today, Indian tourism offer array of tourist destination that attracts travelers from all over the world. India, the land mighty mountains

Technolgy and Bullying Free Essays

Technology and Bullying BY beverage Thesis Statement Cyber Bullying is the modern way to bully. Cyber Bullying is a growing issue in America. Cyber Bullying affects both genders and all culture groups. We will write a custom essay sample on Technolgy and Bullying or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to the onset of suicides and homicides America is taking a stand against cyber bullying. Introduction/Body Peer to peer bullying has been going on for quite some time. My mother use to tell me â€Å"sticks and stones may break your bones, but names will never hurt me† . Even then I am not sure that I totally agreed with her. Now as an adult In today’s society, I am sure I do not agree. The times have changed since new technology has made it possible for young people to bully one another without even having to be face to face. Teens often turn devices into â€Å"weapons† through the use of social networking websites, chat rooms and text messaging Just to name a few. Through these devices they call each other names, belittle, video and threaten kids to in some cases the point of suicide. Since the onset of Cyber Bullying a word named cybercafà © has been created to depict the epidemic of suicides related to Cyber Bullying (Belles 2004). Element of he Pew Internet and American Life Survey in 2006 stated that girls are more likely to be cyber bullied then boys. Element further stated that girls between the ages of 15-17 years old are at the most risk of cyber bullying. Lastly Element found that 50% of all social network users have been cyber bullied and as little as 10% have report the crime to their parents. Wesley Fryer of the Texas Computer Associations describes cyber buying as impersonating and constant blobbing of a person. Fryer further states that most cyber bullies have no idea the harm the they are doing a simple parent intervention old stop the bullying without further intervention. Fryer further states the massive media attention and strict penalties of repeater offenders of Cyber Bullying is sure to restore trust in the online community pertaining to adolescents. In conclusion the evidence shows that cyber bulling is a problem which needs to be addressed by the parent and the public at large to be deterred. I believe it’s important to be educated about Cyber Belling because it will help deter bullying from happening, it will also show bullies Just what reactions they are causing to the victims notionally, and will show kids who are being bullied that it is k to talk to an adult about it. How to cite Technolgy and Bullying, Papers

Political Leadership and Collective Goods †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Political Leadership and Collective Goods. Answer: Introduction This reflective report discusses the concepts of leadership along with leadership theories and models. It also shows the self-awareness tools such as MBIT and SWOT that is significant to evaluate the personality of an individual. This report presents the suggestion for future development. In last, it discusses the action plan to improve the weaknesses. I increased my leadership skills to my last workplace where I worked as a leader. I also understood that team leader can inspire the team member through motivation and addressing the feasible tools. I learned that a leader can refine vision which is implied by each member of the team individually and collectively to have ownership. In the current period, I worked as a leader wherein I analyzed my short coming. I will acknowledge to my weakness where needed. I will positively influence team member to perform activities on behalf of my orders. I also work on my issues that will need at the time of performing as a leader in the team. As well, I also support to my team member to do the same. I gained my knowledge about the ways to motivate the team members by using example and excitement. It is because, in case, leader fully aware of responsibilities then it can sometimes easier to obtain the effective result. I also gain my knowledge about leadership concepts it will support to increase my self-awareness. I understood that leadership is an authority of control the group about the accomplishments of a specified goal. Furthermore, I analyzed that leadership can be determined as a procedure where one person holds the supremacy to lead team member for attaining the objectives determined by the team or company (Shapiro, et al., 2016). A leader can be a person that inspires the other and lead the performance as well as behaviors of other. I also analyzed that instruction of leaders are followed by other due to their influencing personality. A leader can play an imperative role to build collaboration among the team to accomplish the objectives decided. An individual can become an effective leader consequently of this personality traits and approval of the team members. I also learned that a leader can be born or developed. I observed that many authors explained that a leader has birth quality wh ile other say that an effective leader is developed by offering him adequate training (Klenke, 2016). Leadership cannot possible in lack of followers (Sanders, 2017). Moreover, I observed that understanding about the leadership can support to improve my personality as well as a leadership style. Additionally, leaders have some characteristics that make different from other and influence to other to follow their instruction such as personality traits, personality traits, knowledge and experience, and formal authority. It is analyzed that, effective leadership is compulsory in a company because the leadership can lead the performance of workforce and inspire them that help to attain specified objectives of an organization (Lussier, et al., 2015). Knowledge of leadership models and theories I created my knowledge about the leadership models and theories. It can be supportive to make a transactional and transformational plan. I will use both transactional and transformational plan to perform the activity in future due to a reliable result. I improved my strength and weakness after the completion of the lecture. It will help to become transparent in the upcoming period. As a leader, I need to constantly learn new factors that can influence the leadership to influence a large number of people. My action plan to meet my upcoming leadership objectives are valid, reliable, measurable, and realistic. I will imply my plan to meet upcoming objective as leaders continuously address my progress by using the comprehensive plan as a structure. In addition, I observed that a transformational leadership tends to concentrate on the culture along with learning experience of persons. The major objective of transferring the priorities of team members is to inspire them to act beyond the expectations of organization or leader. I observed that transactional leadership can support to take a decision in oppose to the transfer of reward for compliance. The transactional leadership helps to take an effective decision about the performance of the individual. It permitted the leader to reward the individual accordance to the performance of team member (Ciulla, 2014).In addition, I also analyzed that a tutor can expect same to the student. In case, a student perform better in the classroom then they will be rewarded otherwise the student will be punished (Johnson, 2017). At the same time, I also analyzed that both of such leadership styles are imperative in my occupation and imply as long as possible. I analyzed that transformational lea ders seek a different style of working (Dinh, et al., 2014). During the lecture, I strived to understand the theories and models of leadership as it concentrates on our capability to direct. The consistently learning about the leadership can permit to learn new thing and contribute their best in the community as well as within the team (Verba, 2015). I also analyzed that the knowledge of leadership can positive impact on the improvement of personality. I gained my understanding of conflict, leadership style, and power that will be effective to meet the goal of team or organization. I also analyzed that the motivation, accommodation, and communication can be effective in the use of transformational leadership. I observed that my strength direct to the logical leadership style and on behalf of my perception the transformational leadership style can be effective to access the individual. Through transformational leadership model, leaders provide different types of services to the employees or team members such as inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation (Frohlich, 2015). I compared my past and current leadership style to measure the difference. I observed that my communication was not good that create the conflict during the communication. I addressed that it was a big issue for me because it resists me to accomplish the specified task of company or team systematically. I also observed that lack of conflict management skills can also a direct impact on the obtained result. Before this class, I was not able to manage the conflict forced me to compromise everyplace. From this lecture, I gained my knowledge about the conflict management and also effectively deal with the unexpected situation. It can be evaluated that leader firstly focus on the group member afterward task but at the same time, a leader has a need to focus on b alancing between individual and task (Tschannen, et al., 2014).In the last of lecture, I completely learned about a balanced approach that will be supportive to improve my leadership skills and become an effective leader in future. Additionally, I observed that each lecture was supportive for me because I improved my personal as well as professional skills beyond my expectation. In the current period, I am capable to handle the people issues along with inspiring them by charisma and rapport. The leadership can be effective in every field for build the team and meet the specified task in less time and cost (Boin, et al., 2016). I strive to gain my knowledge about the capability to lead classes, each team member to meet the common objective at hand. In the group, the aim is to gain learning the materials as is directed by values. I needed to control my time and resources in the management of workplace environment to meet the common goal. As a lender, I tried to bring the organized group due to making robust relationship among team members along with meet the specified goal in the boundaries of organization or team. I also learned that a leader can be accountable for success and failure of any team. Due to this, I will effectively instruct the team and always remember on my short comings. I observed that as a leader confidence and organizational skills can be imperative to meet the task systematically. I also analyzed that daily plan can also be imperative to attain the task. For this, I observed that, in case, a leader make an effective vision to attain the feasible result. I gained my knowledge of the methods that can be effective to easily influence a large number of people in less time and cost. I also gain my knowledge about the self-awareness tools and techniques that will be required to evaluate our personality. Myers-Brigs Type Indicator is an important tool of self-awareness (Chhokar, et al., 2013). Myers-Brigs Type Indicator is self-awareness tool that is based on the approach offered by Carl Jung on behalf of some elements such as feeling, sensation, thoughts, and intuition. This tool is supportive to address the ways by which a person makes a perception about other (Cashman, 2017). Strengths and parts for development During the lecture, I learned about the ways to analyze my personality systematically that was supportive for me to understand good future as well as the weakness of my personality, Additionally, I learned that self-awareness can help to define our personality, dislike and likes, and weakness and strength. The self-awareness can support to recognize at the time of under pressure and stress (Rock, 2014). Moreover, the self-awareness inspires team member as well as a leader to effectively communicate and make a robust interpersonal relation (Miner, 2015). In addition, I also learned about the competencies in an organization or group. It can be significant to improve my human, technical, business, and personal traits of people Green, 2017).This section determines that technical skills are a direct impact on the occupation of people (Northouse, 2017). Along with this, human skills are connected with interaction to individual and personal characteristics are associated with the people, self-esteem, intellectual capacity, and outcome orientation (Grohar, et al., 2016). I also learned that the business skills are associated with the business skills and commercial knowledge. I created my knowledge regarding the values that define the individual capabilities are important as individual live their lives. SWOT analysis can be used to analyze the internal characteristics of a person due to improving the personality and mitigate the weakness systematically. I learned about two kinds of leadership problems e.g. improve the emotional intelligence and pronunciation issues that are discovered from the self-awareness techniques. The leadership skills needed to be improved: explain the thought with actual pronunciation and developing emotional intelligence (Day, et al., 2014). Suggestions of cultural and social background on leadership style I gained my knowledge about different religious, cultural ground, and family to influence the other and also meet the specified task without any conflict. From the lecture, I understood that a team member should gain their knowledge about the leadership styles, communication ways, and way of presentation due to avoiding the misunderstanding issues within the group. Additionally, I also analyzed that knowledge about such cultural elements can enable the team member to meet the task of an organization in less time and cost. I also learned that a leader can assist the team member to communicate with each other without biases of cultural difference. I also observed that each individual of the group can be different leadership style that can be adopted on behalf of their education and genetic personality. I also analyzed that a hierarchy structure can be effective in an organization due to each level of member involvement in the decision making. In addition, I observed that an effective l eader cannot be known by any possession they are identified by their work. An effective leader can be capable to inspire other as well as communicating in an effective manner (Cameron, et al., 2014). I also analyzed that a leader can also be capable to eliminate the communication barrier to fosters cooperation and attain the competitive benefit. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that a leader should be aware of the leadership style because of motivating a large number of people in less time and cost. It can also be summarized that the knowledge about the values can also be crucial to attain the objective of an organization. Finally, it can be concluded that MBIT and Swot analysis can be appropriate self-awareness tool that will support to analyze the own behavior of the individual. References Boin, A., Stern, E., Sundelius, B. (2016)The politics of crisis management: Public leadership under pressure,USA: Cambridge University Press. Cameron, K. S., Quinn, R. E., DeGraff, J., Thakor, A. V. (2014)Competing values leadership,USA: Edward Elgar Publishing. Cashman, K. (2017)Leadership from the inside out: Becoming a leader for life, USA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013)Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies,UK: Routledge. Ciulla, J. B. (Ed.). (2014)Ethics, the heart of leadership, USA: ABC-CLIO. Day, D. V., Fleenor, J. W., Atwater, L. E., Sturm, R. E., McKee, R. A. (2014) Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25years of research and theory,The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp. 63-82. Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., Hu, J. (2014) Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives,The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), 36-62. Frohlich, N., Oppenheimer, J. A. (2015)Political leadership and collective goods, USA: Princeton University Press. Green, R. L. (2017) The four dimensions of principal leadership: A framework for leading 21st-century schools,USA: Pearson. Grohar-Murray, M. E., DiCroce, H. R., Langan, J. C. (2016) Leadership and management in nursing, USA: Pearson. Johnson, C. E. (2017)Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership: Casting light or shadow, USA: Sage Publications. Klenke, K. (Ed.). (2016)Qualitative research in the study of leadership, USA: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Lussier, R. N., Achua, C. F. (2015)Leadership: Theory, application, skill development, USA: Nelson Education. Miner, J. B. (2015)Organizational Behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. UK: Routledge. Northouse, P. G. (2017)Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice, USA: Sage Publications. Rock, D. (2014)Quiet leadership, USA: HarperCollins e-books. Sanders, J. O. (2017)Spiritual leadership: Principles of excellence for every believer,USA: Moody Publishers. Shapiro, J. P., Stefkovich, J. A. (2016)Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas,USA: Routledge. Tschannen-Moran, M. (2014) Trust matters: Leadership for successful schools, USA: John Wiley Sons. Verba, S. (2015)Small groups and political behavior: A study of leadership, USA: Princeton University Press.